The 2-Minute Rule for 癌症

End carcinogens at get the job done, EU OSHA. The internet site shares info to help prevent personnel from becoming exposed to carcinogens inside the office.

癌症是多种因素长期共同作用引发的基因异常疾病。当机体受到环境中的化学、物理、病毒等致癌物质的影响,和/或因自身遗传、内分泌、性别、年龄等因素的作用时,可发生一系列基因异常改变,形成恶性肿瘤。

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Individuals with cancer have an elevated hazard of blood clots of their veins which can be daily life-threatening.[210] The use of blood thinners such as heparin lessen the chance of blood clots but haven't been proven to extend survival in individuals with cancer.[210] Individuals who just 癌症 take blood thinners also have an elevated risk of bleeding.[210]

值得注意的是,有些肿瘤并不能截然划分良恶性,病理学检查也可有一定偏差,需要更长时间的临床观察明确其性质。

免疫系统对癌症的异常反应。在某些情况下,身体的免疫系统可能通过攻击健康细胞来对癌症作出反应。这些非常罕见的反应称为副肿瘤综合征,会导致各种体征和症状,如行走困难和癫痫发作。

健康饮食。选择富含水果和蔬菜的饮食。选择全谷物和瘦肉蛋白质。限制摄入加工肉类。

Cancer diagnosis might cause psychological distress and psychosocial interventions, for example talking therapy, may well aid people with this.

药物治疗通常可分为:并发症治疗药物以及癌症靶向治疗药物。前者通常是治疗 患癌后出现的一些并发症如局部感染、病毒感染和疼痛。这类药物本身并不能治疗 癌症,但是能减轻患者的痛苦程度。而后者即常说的化疗,有多种类型,常见药物 有利妥昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗等。这些药物对肿瘤更有针对性,效率高、疗效显著、 不良反应较少。但仅适用于具有某类靶点的肿瘤患者,具有局限性;而且治疗费用 较高,可能会出现耐药性(即药物失效),很难实现治愈。

許多預防癌症的想法是根據流行病學的研究而來,分析病患的資料可發現生活方式或是接觸一些環境危險因子的確與特定癌症的發生機率相關。越來越多的證據顯示,根據流行病學研究所提出的建議改善,確實可以讓癌症發病率和死亡率降低。

除了切除原發性腫瘤之外,癌症的病程分期(英语:staging)也需要手術的協助。例如,確定腫瘤惡化的程度與是否發生淋巴結轉移。病程分期主要可用來推測預後和是否需要實行輔助治療(英语:adjuvant therapy)。有時手術也被用來控制症狀以減輕病人痛苦,如脊髓壓迫或腸阻塞,稱為紓緩治療。

Palliative treatment is treatment that attempts to help you the affected individual really feel far better and should be coupled with an try and address the most cancers. Palliative treatment features motion to lower Actual physical, psychological, spiritual and psycho-social distress.

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If a major error happens, the harmed mobile can self-destruct through programmed cell Loss of life, termed apoptosis. In case the mistake Regulate procedures fall short, then the mutations will endure and be passed alongside to daughter cells.

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